En otras palabras, a d\u00eda de hoy, el dinero electr\u00f3nico coexiste con los dep\u00f3sitos a la vista en el pasivo de los balances de las entidades de cr\u00e9dito. En algunos casos, las entidades que comenzaron como instituciones de dinero electr\u00f3nico obtienen posteriormente la licencia para captar dep\u00f3sitos, integr\u00e1ndose as\u00ed en el sector de las microfinanzas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nLa diferencia<\/h2>\n
Para comprender la diferencia entre estos dos instrumentos financieros y entender el tema de las instituciones de dinero electr\u00f3nico frente a los bancos, es necesario, en primer lugar, desmentir una idea err\u00f3nea muy extendida sobre la naturaleza de la cuenta corriente. Seg\u00fan una encuesta realizada en Austria en 2020, el 68 % de los 2000 encuestados cre\u00eda que el dinero y los dep\u00f3sitos bancarios estaban respaldados por oro. Otra encuesta realizada en 2009 a 2000 brit\u00e1nicos revel\u00f3 que el 74 % de los encuestados se consideraba el leg\u00edtimo propietario del dinero en su cuenta corriente.<\/p>\n
Es probable que estas dos creencias sean falsas. En la doctrina jur\u00eddica, es un hecho bien establecido que los dep\u00f3sitos bancarios son, en realidad, pr\u00e9stamos a los bancos. El t\u00e9rmino \u2018dep\u00f3sito\u2019 puede resultar enga\u00f1oso en este sentido, ya que implica custodia, dep\u00f3sito o fideicomiso. Por el contrario, el contrato de dep\u00f3sito suele redactarse de forma que el banco no mantenga los fondos depositados en custodia para el depositante; los fondos no est\u00e1n destinados ni segregados. En cambio, el banco puede mezclar los fondos con los suyos (que pasan a ser de su propiedad) y utilizarlos como mejor le parezca, con la condici\u00f3n de que devuelva al depositante la cantidad equivalente.<\/p>\n
Por lo tanto, quienes depositan su dinero en un banco dejan de ser los propietarios legales de ese dinero. En cambio, se convierten en acreedores generales a quienes el banco les debe dinero. Los fondos que usted mantiene en una cuenta bancaria constituyen una deuda de esa instituci\u00f3n con usted. La instituci\u00f3n se compromete a reembolsarle, \u00a1y esa promesa es lo que como sociedad consideramos \u2018dinero\u2019!<\/p>\n
Electronic money represents electronically stored monetary value constituting a claim on the issuer, issued upon receipt of funds and accepted by persons other than the issuer. Unlike a bank deposit, electronic money is not a conventional loan or deposit provided by the customer to the institution. Electronic money institutions must issue electronic money at par value and redeem it at par value upon the holder’s request, subject to applicable statutory and contractual conditions. Although electronic money and bank deposits may both be used to make payments, they are legally distinct financial products subject to different prudential and customer protection requirements.<\/p>\n
Otro aspecto importante es que los dep\u00f3sitos y el dinero electr\u00f3nico son diferentes, y esto est\u00e1 relacionado con la forma en que las entidades de cr\u00e9dito y las entidades de dinero electr\u00f3nico est\u00e1n autorizadas a llevar sus balances.<\/p>\n
A key distinction between banks and electronic money institutions concerns their permitted activities and the regulatory treatment of customer funds. Banks may accept deposits and use those funds for lending and other authorised banking activities, subject to capital, liquidity and prudential requirements. Electronic money institutions cannot accept deposits from the public and must safeguard funds received in exchange for electronic money or for the provision of payment services. Safeguarding may be achieved through segregation of customer funds in eligible accounts, investment in qualifying secure and liquid low-risk assets, or an eligible insurance policy or comparable guarantee, in accordance with Lithuanian legislation. Electronic money institutions must not use funds received in exchange for electronic money to finance their own lending or other business activities. Such funds must be safeguarded in accordance with statutory requirements. However, licensed EMIs may provide payment services and grant certain forms of credit directly related to payment transactions, provided that the applicable legal conditions are satisfied. Any permitted credit must be financed from the institution’s own funds or other eligible resources, rather than funds received from customers in exchange for electronic money.<\/p>\n
Electronic money institutions must safeguard the full amount of relevant customer funds in accordance with the Lithuanian Law on Electronic Money and Electronic Money Institutions. The safeguarding requirement applies to funds received in exchange for electronic money and other funds covered by the applicable payment services legislation. Permitted safeguarding methods include holding funds in separate accounts with eligible credit institutions or central banks, investing in qualifying secure and liquid low-risk assets, or obtaining an eligible insurance policy or comparable guarantee. The selected arrangements must ensure compliance with applicable safeguarding and reconciliation requirements. Safeguarding is not equivalent to deposit insurance and does not guarantee that customers will recover their funds immediately in every insolvency scenario.<\/p>\n
A diferencia de las entidades de dinero electr\u00f3nico, los fondos que una entidad de cr\u00e9dito adeuda a sus depositantes (quienes, como se mencion\u00f3, son acreedores) est\u00e1n garantizados en gran medida por pr\u00e9stamos il\u00edquidos y activos menos l\u00edquidos. Si todos hubieran exigido a sus bancos que les devolvieran su dinero, estos no habr\u00edan podido cumplir su promesa de no ser por la asistencia de emergencia del banco central (pr\u00e9stamos a las reservas del banco central o el almacenamiento de efectivo en condiciones y cantidades generosas).<\/p>\n
Electronic money institutions are required to maintain safeguarding arrangements covering the relevant customer funds and to redeem electronic money at par value in accordance with applicable legislation. However, safeguarding does not guarantee that an EMI can immediately satisfy every simultaneous withdrawal or redemption request under all circumstances. Operational disruptions, liquidity constraints, the failure of a safeguarding institution, reconciliation deficiencies or insolvency proceedings may affect the timing and availability of customer funds. EMIs must maintain effective risk management, operational resilience and safeguarding controls to mitigate these risks.<\/p>\n
Aqu\u00ed la cosa se complica un poco, ya que \u00bfd\u00f3nde guardan las instituciones de dinero electr\u00f3nico sus fondos (sus activos)? Como era de esperar, normalmente en entidades de cr\u00e9dito (bancos), que, como ya se ha mencionado, no mantienen la misma cantidad en fondos igualmente l\u00edquidos (por ejemplo, en el banco central). Existe cierta controversia sobre si un cliente perder\u00eda el dinero que guarda en monederos electr\u00f3nicos si el banco donde la instituci\u00f3n de dinero electr\u00f3nico custodia sus fondos quebrara (es decir, se declarara insolvente).<\/p>\n
One of the most important differences between a bank and an electronic money institution is the protection available to customers if the institution becomes insolvent. In Lithuania, eligible deposits held with participating credit institutions are generally protected by the statutory deposit guarantee scheme up to EUR 100,000 per depositor per credit institution, subject to applicable exceptions and additional protection for certain temporary high balances. Electronic money balances held with an EMI are not covered by the ordinary deposit guarantee scheme. Instead, EMIs must safeguard customer funds through the mechanisms prescribed by law. In the event of EMI insolvency, the return of safeguarded funds depends on the applicable legal arrangements, the effectiveness of safeguarding and the relevant insolvency procedures.<\/p>\n
En resumen<\/h2>\n
Las principales diferencias entre ambos instrumentos financieros, que para el p\u00fablico parecen pr\u00e1cticamente indistinguibles, se encuentran en el balance de las empresas que los emiten. Es decir, la cuesti\u00f3n se reduce a una comparaci\u00f3n entre la Entidad de Dinero Electr\u00f3nico y el Banco.<\/p>\n
The fundamental differences between banks and electronic money institutions concern their regulatory authorisation, permitted activities, treatment of customer funds and insolvency protection mechanisms. Banks may accept deposits, grant credit and perform other authorised banking activities, subject to prudential capital and liquidity requirements. Electronic money institutions may issue electronic money and provide authorised payment services but cannot accept deposits as banks do. EMIs must safeguard relevant customer funds through legally permitted arrangements, while eligible bank deposits are protected by the applicable deposit guarantee scheme. In Lithuania, a full EMI licence generally requires minimum initial capital of EUR 350,000, compared with EUR 5 million for a conventional bank and EUR 1 million for a specialised bank. These capital requirements are separate from ongoing prudential obligations.<\/p>\n
Los especialistas de Company in Lithuania UAB<\/strong> Estaremos encantados de ayudarle en Obtener una licencia EMI en Lituania<\/strong><\/a>. La asistencia incluye la elaboraci\u00f3n de la lista de documentos necesarios, ayuda en el desarrollo de las normas de procedimiento de la empresa, traducci\u00f3n de documentos al lituano y apoyo durante todo el proceso de obtenci\u00f3n de licencias.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The difference: Electronic Money Institution vs Bank Electronic money has become an established component of the European payments market, supported by the development of digital wallets, payment accounts and electronic payment services. In Lithuania, electronic money institutions (EMIs) are licensed and supervised by the Bank of Lithuania under the Lithuanian Law on Electronic Money and…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8249,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[7],"class_list":["post-8174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorised","tag-crypto"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8174"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31664,"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8174\/revisions\/31664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tet.lt\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"La](\"https:\/\/tet.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/emi-vs-bank.svg\")
Electronic money has become an established component of the European payments market, supported by the development of digital wallets, payment accounts and electronic payment services. In Lithuania, electronic money institutions (EMIs) are licensed and supervised by the Bank of Lithuania under the Lithuanian Law on Electronic Money and Electronic Money Institutions and applicable EU legislation. In the United Kingdom, electronic money institutions are regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), rather than the former Financial Services Authority (FSA), which ceased operating in 2013. Despite increasing uptake, there is evidence that many of these clients may not know that they are using electronic money, and they clearly do not understand the difference between e-money and deposits: and between the e-money institution and the Bank as a whole with respect to the protection they enjoy in the event of the issuer\u2019s insolvency.